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Sudden Oak Death Archives

2011-1107 Monitoring-Clear Creek


Clear Creek

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Site 1107

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Clear Creek in Kitsap Co, WA.


Clear Creek Trail


Elevation 40 ft

Stream order 1

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

2011-1108 Peters Creek


Peters Creek

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Site 1108

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Peters Creek in Redmond, WA


The Sammamish River trail

The Sammamish River watershed


Elevation 35 ft

Stream order 1

2011-1106 Monitoring-North Creek


North Creek

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Site 1106

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North Creek in Snohomish Co, WA.


North Creek park


Elevation 209 ft

Stream order 2

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

2015 Stream monitoring in the Northern Olympic Peninsula


Community-based stream monitoring for Phytophthora ramorum on the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington

DSC02296The primary goal of this project is to expand the monitoring of streams in northern Olympic Peninsula region for P. ramorum. In spring 2013 a bait sample positive for P. ramorum was collected from the Dungeness River near Sequim, WA. A second positive bait sample from this site was collected in summer 2013. Further sampling of streams in the area has not yet provided information about the source of inoculum contaminating the Dungeness. The site where the positive sample was found had no apparent direct water connection with a P. ramorum positive nursery and the source of inoculum is unknown.

This project was completed and no P. ramorum was detected! Several species of Phytophthora were found, but most of these are commonly found in streams worldwide. Others may be pathogenic under certain conditions.

Read about the Phytophthora species that were found here.

In this project, we will:

  • Increase the level of monitoring activity in a high risk watershed where the pathogen is exposed to native vegetation.
  • Provide an opportunity to increase public awareness about invasive plant pathogens such as P. ramorum.
  • Genotype P. ramorum collected from waterways to help clarify origin of the inoculum that is spreading into waterways on the Olympic Peninsula.
  • Collect baseline information about Phytophthoras in these streams
  • Identify streams where P. ramorum is not detected.

For more information or to volunteer contact Marianne Elliott (melliott2@wsu.edu)

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Links:

City of Sequim Surface Water Management page

 

 

Effects of salinity on P. ramorum growth, survival, and sporulation


Effects of salinity on P. ramorum growth, survival, and sporulation

Several species of Phytophthora can survive and sporulate in saline environments, but  it is not known whether P. ramorum is able to tolerate such conditions. Students from University of Washington, Tacoma, examined the effects of seawater on P. ramorum mycelial growth and sporulation as independent study projects for Dr. Erica Cline’s Environmental Microbiology class (TESC 378).

Mycelial growth was partially inhibited with increasing salinity. Chlamydospore production on rhododendron leaf discs tended to increase, especially in the NA2 lineage.

A study of the effects of salinity on Phytophthora ramorum mycelium growth by Lucy Rollins and Rebecca Singer

Phytophthora ramorum sporulation in varying salinities by Katherine Patterson and Portia Leigh

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Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

“The shoe experiment” – testing various disinfectants for sanitizing the bottoms of shoes


”The shoe experiment” – testing various disinfectants for sanitizing the bottoms of shoes

Students from Pierce College, Puyallup, investigated whether some commonly used disinfectants are able to kill P. ramorum inoculum transported on shoes. It is a common practice to spray shoe soles with a disinfectant when leaving a P. ramorum positive nursery or lab where P. ramorum is studied, but there has been little research showing which disinfectants are effective in reducing inoculum.

In this study, three types of shoe material and six treatments were tested. Three of the treatments were effective in destroying P. ramorum inoculum, however this was decreased in the presence of soil. Therefore, removing soil from shoes before spraying with disinfectants is recommended.

 

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shoe results

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

Understanding Phytophthora and Pythium species found in streams


Understanding Phytophthora & Pythium species found in streams

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General information

Five Questions About Oomycetes Small Things Considered, the microbe blog, November 16, 2009.

Introduction to the Oomycota University of California Museum of Palentology

Oomycetes in the news

For some, pythium blight is a job-killer. The Olympian May 17, 2011

Journal articles on Phytophthora and Pythium taxonomy

Beakes GW, Glockling SL, Sekimoto S. 2011. The evolutionary phylogeny of the oomycete “fungi”. Protoplasma DOI 10.1007/s00709-011-0269-2

BRASIER,C.M., COOKE,D. E. L., DUNCAN,J. M., and HANSEN,E. M.
2003. Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides – P. megasperma ITS Clade 6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095375620300738X

Burgess, T.I., Stukely, M.J.C., Jung, T., White, D., Hüberli, D. and Hardy, G.E.St.J. (2010) Molecular characterisation of a Phytophthora hybrid swarm in native ecosystems and waterways in Western Australia. In: 5th IUFRO Phytophthora Diseases in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, 7 – 12 March, Auckland and Rotorua, New Zealand.

Cook, K.L., Hudspeth, D.S.S., and Hudspeth, M.E.S. 2001. A cox2 phylogeny of representative marine peronosporomycetes (Oomycetes). Nova Hedwigia 122: 231-243.

Ecology of aquatic oomycetes

Kageyama. K. Assessment of river environment using Pythium species. A presentation on a study relating Pythium spp. to land use.

Nakagiri, A. (2000). Ecology and diversity of Halophytophthora species. In: Aquatic Mycology across the Millennium (eds K.D. Hyde, W.H. Ho and S.B. Pointing). Fungal Diversity 5: 153164.

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

Puget Creek-1005


Puget

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Creek

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Site # 1005

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Baiting at Puget Creek March 31, 2010 by Environmental Microbiology class (TESC 378) from UW-Tacoma.

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

Intensively sampled sites


Intensively sampled sites

Three sites were chosen to test whether there is a difference between Rhododendron species used as leaf baits. The sites were First Creek (1004), Puget Creek (1005), and Clarks Creek headwaters (1007) Rhododendron macrophyllum and R. ‘Nova Zembla’ were compared. More samples per site were collected to better evaluate Phytophthora species diversity.

Sites were monitored for one baiting period using 40 bait leaves, 20 from each Rhododendron species. Two samples per leaf were isolated and identified, for a total of 80 per site.

There were no differences in Phytophthora species isolated from the two types of bait leaves, however there were significant differences among sites.

Wild Card Plants-Long Term Sites


Extra Plants

On the long-term monitoring sites, volunteers chose an extra plant species to be used as bait. Two samples from each plant were cultured and identified:

Baiting period 1001 Clarks Creek Downstream 1002 Anderson Creek 1003 Evans Creek 1006 Dogfish Creek
1
Camellia
P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (1)
Sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (1)
Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus)
P. gonapodyides (2)
English laurel (Prunus laurocerasus)
no growth
2
Gold dust plant (Aucuba japonica ‘Variegata)
Pythium litorale or Py. sterilum (2)
Sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (1)
Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
P. gonapodyides (2)
Viburnum davidii
unknown (2)
3
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo)
Pythium sp. or Py. undulatum (1), unknown (1)
Sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
Pythium sp. or Py. undulatum (1), unknown (1)
English laurel (Prunus laurocerasus)
fungus* (Ophiocordyceps crassispora, Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum, Nectria) (1), unknown (1)
English ivy (Hedera helix )P. gonapodyides (2), unknown (1)
4
Dwarf cherry laurel P. gonapodyides (2), unknown (2) Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)unknown (2) Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii)unknown (2) Rhododendron spp. P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (1)
5
unknown (2) Horsetail (Equisetum spp.)unknown (2) Evergreen huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum)P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (2) English laurel (Prunus laurocerasus)
6
Red tip Photinia P. gonapodyides (2) Red alder (Alnus rubra)P. gonapodyides (1), unknown (2) Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa)no growth English ivy (Hedera helix )unknown (2)

*probably endophytic in host leaf