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WSU Puyallup Ornamental Plant Pathology

2015 Monitoring of stormwater ponds in Puyallup


Monitoring stormwater ponds in Puyallup

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Oomycetes are fungus-like organisms found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Some, such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and Saprolegnia, are parasites of plants and animals. DNA sequence data has revealed that these organisms are not fungi, but are more closely related to brown algae and diatoms. We will be “fishing” for these organisms by using baits form various plant species.

Ornamental plant nurseries have historically been a source of invasive plant diseases since they acquire plant material from many different sources and disease symptoms can be difficult to recognize on some hosts. like disease epidemics in the human population, once the disease moves onto a plant host with high susceptibility it can be very devastating. Phytophthora pathogens are the cause of some of the most destructive plant disease outbreaks, such as Sudden Oak Death, caused by P. ramorum.

This project, we will sample stormwater retention ponds in newly landscaped housing developments in Puyallup. The goal is to identify Phytophthora species that may be moving from landscaped areas into the ponds. This will help us to determine which pathogens are present on the landscape plants and allow us to detect any invasive species early. In addition, some baseline information about Phytophthoras and other oomycetes in the these ponds will be collected.

We are looking for someone who is interested in getting experience working in a laboratory. Volunteers and students with an interest in environmental microbiology and/or plant pathology would benefit from working on this project. In the lab at WSU Puyallup, symptomatic material from leaf samples will be cultured on selctive media. Colonies of P. ramorum and other Phytophthora species will be isolated and identified using morphological and molecular methods.

For more information or to volunteer contact Marianne Elliott.

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2015 Monitoring


Information for Master Gardeners

Information for Master Gardeners

Sudden Oak Death

Sudden Oak Death is a disease caused by Phytophthora ramorum, an exotic microscopic organism that was accidentally introduced into the western US. The disease has killed thousands of trees in California and Oregon, and threatens natural environments in Washington.

Phytophthora ramorum also has a broad host range and presents a unique challenge to many industries in Washington. The effects on ornamental plant species are of particular concern. Therefore,  we have prepared several resources to help you identify and report possible occurrences, included below.

Please contact us if you additional questions or concerns.

Sudden Oak Death Presentation Link
Click on the image above to download a PDF presentation about Sudden Oak Death

Symptoms of Disease

There are many diseases and pests that produce symptoms similar to those of Sudden Oak Death. This guide will help you to rule out SOD by identifying some of the more commonly encountered pest problems. In addition, it will help determine whether the plant is potentially infected with P. ramorum and the need for a sample to be collected.

Currently there are 5 tree species native to western North America that can be killed when they are infected with Phytophthora ramorum. These are tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and four oak species – Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis), California black oak (Q. kelloggii), and Shreve oak (Q. parvula var. shrevei).

In Europe, P. ramorum has been found to cause stem cankers leading to death of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), European sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Northern red oak (Q. rubra), Sessile oak (Q. petraea), Southern beech (Nothofagus obliqua), Southern red oak (Q. falcata), and Turkey oak (Q. cerris). None of these tree species are native to Washington State, although they can be found planted as ornamentals.

Some tree diseases that produce symptoms similar to P. ramorum are the following:

Phytophthora ramorum produces leaf blotches, twig cankers, and shoot die-back on many plants. In some cases the shoot dieback may be severe enough to kill the plants (e.g., huckleberry and madrone), but in general they do not usually die as a result of P. ramorum infection. These are the most common hosts in Washington State.

Additional Resources

 

YouTube Videos about Phytophthora

Water


Water management for native plant nurseries

Many growers use water from an adjacent stream or river for irrigation. It is wise to treat this water before use, to prevent infection of crops with P. ramorum and other waterborne diseases. SammR300
Irrigating restoration plantings using stream water is risky if the plants are hosts and the water is contaminated. This is critical for Phytophthora spp. that cause root disease, such as P. lateralis and P. cinnamomi. While P. ramorum is not known to cause root disease, it can colonize the roots asymptomatically. The consequences of this is an area of research that needs further study. DSC02178_3530
Sediment deposited on plants after flooding is one means of transmitting P. ramorum inoculum from water to foliage. 350_sedimented plants
A high water table will create a flooded situation in an in-ground planting, increasing plant stress and potential for Phytophthora infection.

 

Back to Best Management Practices for Native Plant Nurseries

350_high water table

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013

Pots


Containers

Pots should not be in contact with the soil, as diseases can both leave and enter through drainage holes. Insulate pots from the soil surface using one or all of these methods:
Gravel
Weed cloth
PalletTray
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Fallen leaves and standing water + inoculum = Phytophthora infection 300_cans
Do not use dirty pots, they may contain inoculum. 300_dirty pots 2
If you re-use pots, be sure to clean residual soil and sanitize, using a dilute disinfectant solution, hot water, or steam.

 

 

Back to Best Management Practices for Native Plant Nurseries

300_Pot wash station

Contact: Gary Chastagner, 253-445-4528 | WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA, 98371-4998 USA
Last updated January 2, 2013